WHAT: The Pap smear is a screening test for cervical cancer. Cells scraped from the opening of the cervix are examined under a microscope.

WHY: Certain tests, like a pap smear, must be performed prior to initiating fertility treatments. Some are required by law and others by national standards of care. Other tests are important to rule out problems that could reduce your chance of conception or increase the risk to mother or baby.

HOW: Avoid scheduling your Pap smear while you have your period. Blood may make the Pap smear results less accurate.